Libmonster ID: UK-1543

The results of statistical and planigraphic analysis of ceramic complexes of the Chicha-1, Zavyalovo-5 and Linevo-1 settlements are introduced into scientific circulation. Different ratios of autochthonous and foreign cultural components were found on the monuments as a whole and in individual dwellings. A certain regularity in the placement of ceramic materials inside residential structures is noted. It is shown that the ceramics of the groups identified on the monument were involved in unified production processes.

Keywords: Western Siberia, transition period from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age, ceramic complexes.

Introduction

Questions of cultural attribution of monuments of the transition period from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age remain largely debatable. Since the 9th century BC, the forest-steppe of Western Siberia has been experiencing processes related to the migration of various population groups and the formation of cultures of the transition from Bronze to Iron age in a number of adjacent territories. A special feature of settlement complexes in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia are the features that indicate the joint existence of various ceramic traditions - the Irmian - Late Irmian (autochthonous) and foreign cultures: the forest-steppe, steppe and taiga circle of cultures (Molodin et al., 2008, 2009; Molodin and Mylnikova, 2011). Ornamental traditions of different cultures can be traced in one vessel, which may indicate the simultaneous coexistence of carriers of these traditions and their interaction in settlements.

This paper presents the results of studying the ceramic complexes of the basic monuments of this era: Chicha-1, Zavyalovo-5 and Linevo-1 settlements (Fig. 1).

Discussion of the results

Chicha-1 ancient settlement. It is located in Yuzhnaya Baraba, in the Zdvinsky district of the Novosibirsk region.

This work was supported by the Program of Fundamental Research carried out jointly by the organizations of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, project No. 72 "Culture, Society and man in the Paleometallic epoch (the Urals and Western Siberia)".

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Small lake Chicha. The monument was discovered by V. A. Zach [Troitskaya, Molodin, Sobolev, 1980, p. 36-37]. The first excavations were carried out in 1979 by V. I. Molodin, and in 1999-2003 by the Institute of Electrotechnical Research of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the German Archaeological Institute (DAI) (headed by Acad. V. I. Molodin and G. Parzinger) under a scientific cooperation agreement. To date, 3,875 m2 of the monument's area has been uncovered (Molodin et al., 2001, 2004, 2009). The results of statistical and planigraphic studies of some of the excavations and ditches of ancient settlement dwellings have already been presented to the scientific community (Molodin, Mylnikova, Durakov, and Kobeleva, 2009).

The correlation of morphological types and ornamental patterns makes it possible to distinguish several groups of ceramics in the collection of the Chicha-1 settlement: the Late Irma, including the Irma component (Figs. 2; 3, 1, 2),

Fig. 1. Map-layout of Chicha-1, Zavyalovo-5 and Linevo-1 settlements.

2. Distribution of ceramic groups at the Chicha-1 ancient settlement excavations (%). The inset shows the general plan of the monument.

1-pozdneirmenskaya; 2-krasnoozerskaya; 3-berlikskaya; 4 - suzgunskaya; 5 - Krasnoozersk-irmenskaya; 6 - krasnoozersk-Berlikskaya; 7 - irmensk-suzgunskaya; 8 - "northern" (Atlymskaya?); 9 - the appearance of early Iron Age tableware; 10 - other.

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3. Ceramics of the Chicha-1 settlement.

1, 2-Irma; 3, 4 - late Irma; 5 - Suzgun; 6 - Krasnoozersk; 7 - Berlik; 8 - "northern" (Atlym?); 9 - with features of Early Iron Age tableware.

Suzgunskaya, Krasnoozerskaya, "severnaya" (Atlymskaya ?), Berlikskaya [Molodin, et al., 2001, pp. 145-154, fig. 41-58; 2004, pp. 266-275, Fig. 49-54, Table 1-12; 2011, pp. 44-50; Molodin, Mylnikova, 2003; Molodin, Mylnikova, Kobeleva, 2008; et al.].

The Late Irma group of vessels is characterized by the presence of a convex ("Molchanov") neck (Figs. 3, 3, 4), in the ornamentation - a double row of "pearls" separated by rows of notches, as well as a large grid, "herringbone", hatched inclined "ladder", horizontal lines, shaded triangles.

A distinctive feature of the Suzgun group ceramics is an ornament in the form of staples, seed-shaped depressions and rows of pits separating the ornamental field. These types of motifs are represented in all ornamental zones (neck, neck, trunk).

The main ornamental motifs that make it possible to refer ceramics to the Krasnoozersk group are multi-row open horizontal lines and groups of two or three pits (Figs. 3, 6).

There are isolated fragments of ceramics from the "northern" (Atlym ?)region. groups. The composition of her ornament, nane-

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4. Distribution of ceramic groups at excavation site 7, structure No. 9, Chicha-1 (%).

1-pozdneirmenskaya; 2-krasnoozerskaya; 3-berlikskaya; 4- "severnaya" (Atlymskaya ?); 5 - krasnoozersk-Irmenskaya; 6-irmensk-suzgunskaya;

7-krasnoozersko-berlikskaya; 8-bolsherechensky type.

1 - late Irmenskaya; 2-Krasnoozerskaya; 3-Berlikskaya; 4- "northern" (Atlymskaya ?); 5 - Bolsherechensky type; 6 - Krasnoozersk-Irmenskaya; 7 - Irmensk-Suzgunskaya; 8 - Krasnoozersk-Berlikskaya; a - fragment of ceramics; b - accumulation; c - collapse of a vessel.

with a small-toothed comb or cross stamp, make up the rows of "herringbone" in combination with" pearls " (Fig. 3,8).

The neck and neck of vessels of the Berlik group are decorated with rows of inclined lines made with a smooth rectangular stamp, "pearls", pits, and rarely indentations. On the hangers - one or two rows of inclined lines-traces of a smooth rectangular stamp, rows of pits, "pearls", inclined impressions of the comb (Fig. 3, 7). Mixed types of ceramic material are also recorded on the monument (see Fig. 2).

The analysis is based on the upper parts of vessels with corollas and whole samples.

Site I. The Citadel. Excavation 7. Structure 9 (Fig. 4). Fragments of 454 vessels from the pit of structure No. 9 and from the adjacent territory were studied. The collection is undoubtedly dominated by ceramics of the Late Irmen group (411 fragments and 6 vessel ruins) - 92 %. The share of Krasnoozersk ceramics is 0.6 % (three corolla fragments), Berlik - 0.4, Irmensk-Suzgun - 1.3 (five fragments and a collapse), Krasnoozersk-Irma - 0.4, Krasnoozersk-Berlik - 0.2, "northern" (Atlym ?) - 0,4 %. Ceramics with signs of the Bolsherechenskaya culture of the early Iron Age make up 4,5 % (18 fragments and 3 ruins).

Platform II. The Citadel. Excavations 2, 6, 11. Dwelling N 3 (Fig. 5). On residential site II, excavations 2, 6, and 11 examined a large multi-chamber dwelling, completely uncovered two chambers (N 3, Za) and partially the third (N 3b). A transition to the fourth one was detected. The ceramic complex of this structure, studied for this publication, includes 1,308 vessels.

The remains of 606 vessels (603 corollas and 3 collapses) were traced in the filling of the pit of chamber No. 3. Materials of the Late Irmen culture predominate - 79.4 % (481 units, including 479 fragments and 2 collapses). The foreign culture complex (20.6 %) consists of fragments of vessels of the Berlik group - 4 % (24 corollas), Krasnoozersk group - 8.8 (53 fragments) and Suzgun group -0.5 % (3 fragments). The mixed complex (3.8 %) includes ceramics of the Krasnoozersk-Irmen group - 0.82 (five fragments), Krasnoozersk-Berlik group - 1.5 (nine fragments), Irmensk-Suzgun group - 0.67 (four fragments), Irmensk-Berlik group - 0.67 (four fragments), and one sample in which Irmensk-Berlik-Berlik-Berlik-Berlik are combined.krasnoozersk traditions, - 0.16 %.

There are few items made in the traditions of the Early Iron Age (3.48 %): with signs of the Bolsherechenskaya culture-2.5 % (16 fragments),

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5. Distribution of ceramic groups at excavations 2, 6, 9, dwellings N 3, 3a, 3b, Chicha-1 (%).

1 - late Irmenskaya; 2-Krasnoozerskaya; 3-Berlikskaya; 4 - suzgunskaya; 5 - Krasnoozersk-Irmenskaya; 6 - Krasnoozersk-Berlikskaya; 7 - Irmensk-suzgunskaya; 8 - Irmensk-Berlikskaya; 9 - early Sargatskaya; 10 - Bolsherechensky type; 11 - Krasnoozersk-Suzgunskaya.

1 - late Irmenskaya; 2-Krasnoozerskaya; 3-berlikskaya; 4 - suzgunskaya; 5 - Krasnoozersk-Irmenskaya; 6 - Krasnoozersk-Berlikskaya; 7 - Irmensk-Suzgunskaya; 8 - Irmensk-Berlikskaya; 9 - early Sargatskaya; 10 - Bolsherechensky type; 11 - Krasnoozersk-Suzgunskaya; 12 - with elements of Irmenskoe-Berlik and Krasnoozersk traditions; a-fragment of pottery; b - collapse of a vessel; c-accumulation.

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Early Sargat-0.82% (5 fragments) and with Irma - Sargat features-0.16% (one fragment).

Camera N For. Vessels of the late Firmen group predominate-83 % (445 vessels). A significant share is made up of foreign cultural products - 17 %, including vessels of the Berlik group - 7.0, Krasnoozerskaya-4.3, resembling dishes of the Bolsherechenskaya culture - 4.7, Krasnoozersko-berlikskaya - 0.5 and Krasnoozersko-suzgunskaya - 0.5 %.

Camera N 3b. Ware of the Late Irmen culture also dominates (90 %, 135 corollas), in the lower layers (3 and 4) it was 100 %. Non-cultural ceramics (10 %) include Berlik (5 %), Krasnoozersk (2 %), Krasnoozersko-Berlik (1 %), Krasnoozersko-Suzgun 2 %. In the pit of chamber No. 3, the highest specific weight is given to dishes of the Krasnoozersk group (44%), and in chamber No. 2 - approximately the same indicator for Berlik vessels (41 %). In addition, closer to the center of the housing cells and around the hearths, a high concentration of dishes of other cultural groups was noted.

The IIIa platform. Excavation 18. Dwelling No. 18 (Fig. 6). Excavation 18 uncovered dwelling No. 18 and three production facilities (pits 1, 2 and 18). On the territory

6. Distribution of ceramic groups at excavation site 18, dwelling No. 18, Chicha-1 (%).

1-pozdneirmenskaya; 2-krasnoozerskaya; 3-berlikskaya; 4 - "northern" (Atlymskaya?); 5 - bolsherechensky type; 6 - krasnoozerskaya-Berlikskaya; 7 - krasnoozerskaya-Irmenskaya; 8 - irmenskoe-berliksko-krasnoozerskaya.

1-pozdneirmenskaya; 2-krasnoozerskaya; 3-berlikskaya; 4 - "northern"; 5 - bolyperechensky type; 6 - krasnoozerskaya-Berlikskaya; 7 - krasnoozerskaya-Irmenskaya; 8 - irmenskoe-berliksko-krasnoozerskaya; a - ceramic fragment; b - accumulation; c - vessel collapse.

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the remains of 177 vessels were found in the excavation, including 136 in the pit of the dwelling. The collection is dominated by dishes of the late Irmen group - 44 % (60 vessels and 2 collapses). Ceramics of the Krasnoozersk group are also represented by a significant series - 36 fragments and a collapse, which is 27.3 %. The share of dishes of the Berlik group is 7.4 %, Krasnoozersk - Berlik-7.4, Krasnoozersk - Irma-6, which is associated with dishes of the Early Iron Age in appearance - 5, Irma - Berlik-Krasnoozersk-0.7, "northern" (Atlymsky?) - 2,2 %.

The second largest number of ceramics found is the bronze foundry site located in pit 1. There are 22 fragments of ceramics of the Late Irma group, a fragment of Krasnoozerskaya and 2 ruins of Berlik vessels. In pit 2, one fragment of ceramics from the Late Irma and Berlik groups was recorded, as well as the collapse of a vessel with features of the Krasnoozersk culture, parts of which were also recorded at the floor level of dwelling No. 18.

There is a close connection between the dwelling and production pits: fragments of the same vessels were found in the dwelling and pits. This indicates the frequent movement of the inhabitants of the dwelling in the course of economic activity.

Platform IIIa. Excavation 3. Dwelling No. 5 (see Fig. 2). Corollas and collapses of 523 vessels from filling the pit of structure No. 5 were studied. Materials of the Late Irmen group predominate on all the horizons of the excavation-445 corollas and three vessel collapses, which is 86 %. The share of products of the Berlik group is 11 % (60 corollas and 4 vessel collapses). Their greatest concentration was observed at the level of horizon 3 of the pit filling. Specific gravity of Krasnoozerskaya kera-

7. Distribution of ceramic groups at excavation site 5, dwelling No. 8 / 8a, Chicha-1 (%).

1-irmenskaya; 2 - krasnoozerskaya; 3 - berlikskaya; 4 - suzgunskaya; 5 - bolsherechensky type; 6 - irmensko-krasnoozerskaya.

1-irmenskaya; 2 - krasnoozerskaya; 3 - berlikskaya; 4 - suzgunskaya; 5 - bolsherechensky type; 6-irmensko-krasnoozerskaya;

a-ceramic fragment; b - vessel collapse; c-accumulation.

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mica-2 %, Late Irma-Suzgunskaya-1 %. Moving fragments that belong to the same vessel. regardless of the cultural group, it occurred parallel to the walls of the dwelling around the hearth, as well as from the hearth along the north-west - south-east line.

The simultaneous existence in one dwelling of ceramics with elements of different ornamental and pottery traditions is a sign of the diverse cultural composition of the inhabitants of the settlement. The study of ceramic material by layers shows that the ratio of groups changed. At first, it was a late-Irman population, at the end of the dwelling's existence (layer 3 of the filling) - mixed with a predominance of late-Irman. The same changes are reflected in the findings from the layers of moat C: when the moat was opened, it contained only Late Irmen ware (including two ruins), and later it was filled with other cultural ceramics, mainly of the Berlik group.

Dwelling N 8 / 8aSite IIIb. Excavation 5. (Fig. 7). 414 vessels were studied from filling the pits of the chambers. The share of Krasnoozersk ceramics is 38 %, Late Irmenek ceramics - 33%, Berlik ceramics - 26%, Suzgun ceramics - 2%, and Irmensk-Krasnoozersk ceramics-1%. In the upper layers of the filling (layers 1, 2), ceramics of the Late Irma group predominate (54%), in the lower layers (layers 3 and 3b) - Krasnoozersk (53 %) and Berlik (17-28 %). The ceramics of the Berlik group are clearly associated with chamber No. 8a, while the Krasnoozersk group is clearly associated with chamber No. 8. In the filling of pit No. 8a, the share of Berlik ceramics is 48%, Pozdneirm -34%, Krasnoozersk - 15%, Suzgun - 1% and Bolsherechensk type - 2%. In the filling of pit No. 8, 53% of Krasnoozersk ceramics, 33% of Pozdneirmen ceramics, 11% of Berlik ceramics, and 11% of "Severnaya" (Atlym ?)ceramics were found. - 3 %. These data may reflect a different ratio of cultural groups of the population in different periods of housing functioning. Linking groups of ceramics to different hearths may indicate different ways of farming within the same dwelling and, apparently, a special family structure.

Platform IIIb. Excavation 1. Dwelling No. 2 (Fig. 8). Dwelling No. 2 and a part of the moat with a bridge entrance were investigated. In the course of the work, a ceramic complex was obtained, including 240 vessels, including 198 units from the pit of the dwelling, 40 units from filling the ditch, and 2 units. from the excavation site outside the structures. The small number of ceramics collected from the pit is explained by the use of this site as a bronze casting workshop: fragments of foundry molds, crucibles, and splashes were found here [Molodin et al., 2009, pp. 216-217].

Analysis of the distribution of ceramics in the filling of the dwelling shows that in the structure the bulk of products is made up of dishes of the mixed Irmensk-Krasnoozersk group-47 % (93 units, including five arheo-

Figure 8. Distribution of ceramic groups at excavation site 1, dwelling No. 2, Chicha-1 (%).

1-pozdneirmenskaya; 2-krasnoozerskaya; 3 - krasnoozersko-irmenskaya; 4 - irmensko-suzgunskaya.

1 - pozdneirmenskaya; 2-krasnoozerskaya; 3-Krasnoozersk-Irmenskaya; 4-Krasnoozersk-Berlikskaya; 5-irmensk-suzgunskaya; a-ceramic fragment; b - accumulation; c-vessel collapse.

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logically whole vessels). The Krasnoozersk group includes 72 vessels (including five collapses), or 36.3 %. The lowest specific weight is given to ceramics of the Irma group - 16.2 % (32 fragments). The Irmensk-Suzgunskaya river is represented by fragments of one vessel (0.5 %). Berlik and Krasnoozersko-Berlik ware in excavation 1 was found only in the moat.

The concentration of products of the Krasnoozersk and mixed Krasnoozersk-Irma groups around all the holes of the dwelling and pit 282, which was a melting furnace buried in the ground, was noted. The movement of fragments belonging to one vessel was traced inside the pit, between the central furnace (pit 282) and hole 2. Near these objects, the highest concentration of bronze foundry waste was recorded (fragments of molds, crucibles, drops of spilled bronze), so it can be assumed that the detected distribution of ceramic fragments is due to the movement of inhabitants of dwelling No. 2 during production operations. There is also a connection between the ceramic complexes from the pit of the dwelling and the moat - fragments of the same vessels were found in their filling at different depths.

The IVa marketplace. Excavation 10. Dwelling N 10 and part of pit N 12 (Fig. 9). 123 vessels from filling pit N 10 were studied. The share of Krasnoozerskaya ceramics is 81 %, Pozdneirmenskaya - 10, Berlikskaya - 3, Krasnoozersko-Berlikskaya and Krasnoozersko-Irmenskaya-2% each. Thus, the filling of pit No. 10 was dominated by ceramics of the Krasnoozerskaya group, and its fragments were also found in the pillar pits of the structure. Ceramics of the Late Irmen group are also represented in all layers of the dwelling filling and in pits. A connection was traced between the pits N 10 and 12: fragments of the same vessels were found at the level of the floor and pits. A special feature of the excavation site 10 is the small number of ceramic materials. This can be explained by the fact that the structure was used not as a living space, but as a foundry workshop (1,216 fragments of foundry molds were found in the filling of pit No. 10).

Zavyalovo-5 settlement (fig. 10). It is located in the Ordynsky district of the Novosibirsk region, on a high promontory on the left bank of the Karakan River, at its confluence with the Karakan Bay of the Ob Reservoir. It was opened in 1968 by T. N. Troitskaya. The monument was studied in 1969 and 1991 by T. N. Troitskaya, in 1974 by V. S. Elagin, in 1983-84 by E. A. Sidorov, and in 2006 by TV. Mzhelskoy [Sidorov, 1987; Troitskaya, 1985; Troitskaya, Zakh, Sidorov, 1989; Mzhelskaya, Monadchenko, 2010]. To date, approximately 450 m2 of the area of the ancient settlement has been studied. The analysis is based on the upper parts of vessels with corollas and whole articles (a total of 1,091 units) from the sites of the ancient settlement excavated during field work in 1984 and 1990.

Analysis of ceramics from the Zavyalovo-5 settlement revealed the multicomponent nature of the complex [Troitskaya and Mzhelskaya, 2008, p. 115]. It identifies three groups of ceramics: Late Irma (including the Irma component), Molchanov and Molchanov-Late Irma (Fig. Ceramics of the Late Irmen group are characterized by a concave neck and a geometric pattern made with a comb-

9. Distribution of ceramic groups at excavation site 10, dwelling No. 10, Chicha-1 (%).

1-pozdneirmenskaya; 2-krasnoozerskaya; 3-berlikskaya; 4-krasnoozersko - irmenskaya 5-krasnoozersko - berlikskaya; b-other.

1-pozdneirmenskaya; 2-krasnoozerskaya; 3-berlikskaya; 4-krasnoozersko-irmenskaya 5-krasnoozersko-berlikskaya; 6-berliksko-irmenskaya;

a - fragment of pottery; b-accumulation; c - collapse of the vessel.

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with a digital stamp and drawing (fig. 11, 1-7). Dishes of the Molchanov group are distinguished by a convex neck and an ornament applied with a cross stamp (Fig. 11, 8). Products of the Molchanov-Late Irmen group have a convex neck and elements of the Irmen ornament or a concave neck and elements of the ornament made with a cross stamp (Fig.11, 9-13).

In 1984, an excavation uncovered a site of the ancient settlement with five dwellings (N 1-5) (Fig. 12). The ceramic complex identified here consisted of 817 vessels. The entire territory of the excavation is dominated by ceramics of the Late Irma group-79 % (647 vessels), ceramics of the Molchanov group account for 14 % (114 fragments), mixed Molchanov-Late Irma ware accounts for 7 % (56 fragments).

10. Plan of the Zavyalovo-5 settlement.


11. Ceramics of the Zavyalovo-5 settlement.
1-7-pozdneirmenskaya; 8, 10, 12-Molchanovskaya; 9, 11, 13 - with mixed features.

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12. Distribution of ceramic groups at the 1984 site of the Zavyalovo settlement-5 (%).

1-pozdneirmenskaya; 2-Molchanovskaya; 3-irmenskoe-Molchanovskaya; 4-bolsherechenskogo obika.

1-late Irma; 2-Molchanov type; 3-Irma-Molchanov type; 4-Bolsherechensk type; a-ceramic fragment;

b - collapse of the vessel; c - slagged ceramics.

The monument was excavated with four horizons with a thickness of 15-20 cm each. The horizontal distribution of ceramics allows us to trace the dynamics of the identified groups.

Horizon 1.46 vessels (two collapses and fragments) of the Late Irma (89 %) and Molchanov (11%) groups were found; no mixed forms were found in this horizon. Only Late Irma ceramics are found on the square of dwellings.

Horizon 2.307 fragments of ceramics from the Late Irma (79%) and Molchanov (13 %) groups and dishes with mixed features (8%) were found.
Horizon 3.The remains of 322 vessels (309 corolla fragments and 13 collapses) of the Late Irma (79 %, 253 units, including 10 collapses), Molchanov (13 %, 43 corolla fragments, including collapse) groups and with mixed features (8 %, 24 corollas and 2 collapses) were recorded.

Horizon 4. Contained the remains of 142 vessels (133 fragments and 9 collapses) of the Late Irma (78 %, 106 fragments and 5 vessels), Molchanov (18 %, 24 corollas and collapse) groups and with mixed features (4 %, three corollas and three collapses).

Thus, all three lower horizons are dominated by Late Irma ceramics (78-79%), and in horizon 1 (the upper one) its share reaches 89 %. The specific weight of Molchanov dishes from the lower horizon to the upper one gradually decreases from 18 to 11 %. The proportion of ceramics with mixed features also changes; in horizons 4 - 2, it increases from 4 to 8 % and completely disappears in horizon 1.

The analysis revealed that the pits contained 696 fragments of vessels, or 85 % of the total volume of ceramics recorded on the territory of the 1984 excavation.

Dwelling No. 1 was partially excavated. Fragments of 96 vessels were found in its filling. Ceramics of the Late Irmen group predominate-84.4 % (76 corollas and 5 ruins). The Molchanov group consists of 7.3 % of products. The group of dishes with mixed features includes 8 fragments of corollas (8.3 %).

No vessels were found at horizon level 1. The Horizon 2 collection is dominated by the Late Irma group of dishes - 82 % (23 vessels), Molchanovskaya is represented by 7 %, and the group of vessels with mixed features-10 %.

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Horizon 3 contains 80% of Late Irma ceramics (35 units, including 32 fragments and 3 vessel collapses), 9% of Molchanov ceramics, and 11% of mixed - trait pottery. At the level of horizon 4, 24 products of the late-Irmen group were identified only. Thus, in dwelling No. 1, ceramics of the Molchanov group and with mixed features in terms of specific gravity are small, almost all of them are concentrated in horizon 3, and at the level of the pit bottom (horizon 4) they are absent.

Dwelling No. 2. Two-chamber, and the second, apparently larger, chamber is almost completely eroded by the waters of the Karakan Bay, only the passage and the southern wall of the pit are preserved. With this in mind, we considered it impractical to consider the ceramic camera complexes separately. In the filling of dwelling No. 2, the remains of 154 vessels were found mainly in the Late Irma group - 108 fragments and 5 collapses (73.4 %), as well as in the Molchanov group - 25 corollas of vessels (16.2 %), dishes with mixed features are represented by 13 fragments and 3 collapses (10.4 %).

At the level of horizon 1, only Late Irma ceramics (five vessels) were found. Horizon 2 shows 65% of Late - Irma vessels (50 vessels), 22% of Molchanov vessels (17 vessels), and 13% of vessels with mixed features (10 vessels). In horizon 3, the proportion of Late Irma ceramics reaches 84 % (48 fragments and 2 collapses), Molchanov ceramics - 11 (7 fragments), and vessels with mixed features-5 % (two fragments and a collapse). At the level of horizon 4, the share of Late Irma ceramics is 66.7 % (eight vessels), Molchanov ceramics - 8.3 % (one vessel), with mixed features - 25 % (three vessels).

Dwellings N 3 and 5. Form one large structure, conventionally divided into chambers by a small continental ledge. In the center of each chamber there are small depressions with one or more foci, so their ceramic collections are considered in a complex.

Fragments of 208 vessels were found in the filling of pit No. 3. The Late Irma group is dominated by 159 vessels (including three collapses), or 76.3%. The Molchanov group consisted of 37 finds (36 corollas and a collapse), or 18 %. 12 fragments (5.7%) were assigned to the mixed Molchanov-Late Irma group.

Horizon 1 contained 12 fragments of ceramics from the Late Irma group. 48 Late Irma vessels (82.8 %), 6 Molchanov vessels (10.3%), and 4 mixed vessels (6.9%) were found in the horizon. Horizon 3 included the remains of 58 Late Irma (74.4 %), 13 Molchanov (16.7%), and 7 vessels with mixed features (8.9 %). Most of the pottery of this horizon is concentrated in the central and southwestern (sq. B/31) parts of the dwelling. Horizon 4 contains 41 Late Irma vessels (68.3 %), 18 Molchanov vessels (30%), and one with mixed features (1.7 %).

105 fragments were found in the filling of the second chamber of structure No. 3/5 (dwelling No. 5 according to the field report), including 76 fragments of Late Irma ceramics (72.4 %), 23 fragments of the Molchanov group (22%), and 5 fragments of vessels with mixed features (4.7 %). One fragment of the vessel is attributed to the forms close to the ceramics of the Bolsherechenskaya culture (0.9 %).

Horizon 1 contains only Late Irma ceramics (three fragments). Horizon 2 contained the remains of 32 Late Irma vessels (69.6 %), 10 Molchanov vessels (21.7%), and 4 mixed group items (8.7 %). In horizon 3, 35 Late Irma (74.5%), 11 Molchanov fragments (23.4 %) and a fragment of a product with mixed features (2.1%) were found. In the filling of horizon 4, the remains of six Late Irma (75 %) and two Molchanov (25 %) vessels were found; no products with mixed features were found.

Thus, in both chambers of the dwelling, the material of the Late Irmen culture prevailed (235 corollas, 75 %). The share of Molchanov ware was 20 % (60 units), vessels with mixed features-5 % (17 units).

Dwelling No. 4. Is a sub-rectangular pit. Fragments of 133 vessels were traced in its filling. The complex is dominated by products of the Late Irma group-115 units ( 86.6 %), including 102 corollas and 13 collapses, the Molchanov group includes 8 fragments (6 %), the Molchanov-Late Irma group includes the remains of 9 vessels (6.7 %), of which 5 fragments and 4 collapses, one collapse of the vessel can be identified as product of the Bolsherechensk type (0.7 %).

At the level of horizon 1, ceramics of the Late Irmen group (four vessels) are traced only. Horizon 2 contained 41 fragments of Late Irmenskaya vessels (86 %), 3 fragments of Molchanovskaya (6 %), 4 fragments and a broken vessel with mixed features (8 %). The horizon mainly contained Late Irma material (88 %) (41 fragments and 2 collapses), Molchanov ceramics (8%) (4 fragments), and mixed ceramics (4%). Thus, the share of Molchanov and mixed ceramics at the bottom of the dwelling is minimal.

A 1990 excavation partially uncovered two dwellings, N 8 and 9, and three outbuildings, N 1-3 (Fig. 13). Fragments of 274 vessels were taken into account. Statistical analysis of ceramics allows us to draw the following conclusions: the material of the Late Irma culture prevails-82 % (224 units, including 6 ruins), the Molchanov group ceramics account for 13 % (36 units, including 2 ruins and 1 cluster), the mixed Irma-Molchanov group - 4 (11 units, including 1 collapse), Bolsherechenskiy type - 1 % (fragments of three vessels).

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13. Distribution of ceramic groups at the 1990 site of the Zavyalovo settlement-5 (%).

1-late Irma; 2-Molchanov type; 3-Irma-Molchanov type; 4-Bolsherechensk type.

1-late Irma; 2-Molchanov type; 3-Irma-Molchanov type; 4-Bolsherechensk type; a-ceramic fragment;

b - collapse of the vessel; c - slagged ceramics.

The analysis of the distribution of ceramics in the pits of dwellings and outbuildings is carried out.

Building # 1. It is a sub-square pit with an area of approx. 6 m2. Not fully excavated. All ceramics (fragments of ten vessels) from the filling of this structure belong to the Late Irmen group.

Building No. 2. It is a small sub-trapezoidal pit (9,5 m 2) with a hearth almost in the center. The collection includes 18 vessels. Late-Irmen dishes predominate-67 % (12 units, including 1 camber and 11 corollas). The share of Molchanov ceramics is 22 % (fragments of four vessels). In addition, a mixed-type vessel wreck and fragments of pottery resembling the Bolynerechen culture of the Early Iron Age were found in the pit. Both ruins and a significant part of the fragments were located near the hearth. Fragments of corollas were also traced in the pit of dwelling No. 8 and in the space between buildings No. 8 and 2.Apparently, structure No. 2 and the adjacent site were closely connected with dwelling No. 8 by economic activity.

Building No. 3. It is a deep podovalnaya hollow, covered with the remains of a burnt roof. Fragments of 15 vessels were found in its filling: 11 units of Late Irma (73 %), 3 units of Molchanov (20 %), 1 unit of the mixed group. Fragments of one product of the Molchanov group were found under the coals of the ceiling of structure No. 3 and in the filling of the pit of dwelling No. 9.

Dwelling No. 8. Is represented by a large two-chamber structure. When analyzing ceramic material from filling the pit of the dwelling, fragments of 84 vessels were identified. The share of ceramics of the Late Irma group is 84.6 % (71 units, including 67 fragments and 4 collapses), 13 % (11 corollas) belong to the Molchanov type, 1.2 % (one fragment) - to the mixed type, and another 1.2 % (one fragment) resemble dishes of the Bolsherechenskaya culture of the Early Iron Age.

Dwelling No. 9. Partially excavated. 35 vessels from the pit filling were studied. Pozdneirmenskaya ceramics are represented by 28 units, including two collapses (80 %), Molchanovskaya-6 units (17.2 %), with mixed

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14. Plan of the Linevo-1 settlement.

features - 1 unit. The movement of debris outside the pit was traced mainly in a westerly direction. For example, fragments of a vessel from a cluster at the bottom of a dwelling (sq. O-N / 23) are recorded in the filling of structure No. 2 (sq. 3/16) and in the inter-housing space (sq. L / 19 and N / 23). A fragment of the vessel corolla from sq. R/22 was also found in building No. 2 (sq. W / 17). The reverse movement is also recorded: a fragment from the collapse of a vessel from the inter-core space (sq. L/18) was found in dwelling No. 8 (sq. R/22).

Linevo-1 settlement (fig. 14). It is located 2 km north-east of the village of Zarechnoye, Toguchinsky district, Novosibirsk region, on the southern shore of Lake Baikal. Linevo, which in ancient times was most likely the staritsa of the Ini River. The monument was opened in 1981 by V. A. Zach. They also uncovered 500 m2 of the settlement area. One of the studied dwellings is attributed to the Irma culture, the other to the Linev variant of the Zavyalovo culture (Zakh, 1997). In 2003-2005, L. N. Mylnikova conducted a continuous excavation of another 2,454 m2 of the settlement area (Mylnikova et al., 2003, 2004, 2005). In this paper, we study 860 vessels from excavations in 2003-2005. 15), which can be divided into several groups according to their morphology and ornamental composition. The analysis is based on the upper parts with corollas and whole vessels.

The group of ceramics of the Irma appearance is characterized by flat-and round-bottomed vessels with a neck of different sizes (corolla diameter from 6 to 40 cm), a shoulder of different heights and a typical ornament: shaded triangles; horizontal lines; "pearls" with discharge; shaded triangles connected by vertices; rows of notches, indentations, impressions of an inclined and horizontal comb; "herringbone", grid. Marked products with rollers on the neck, dissected "herringbone" (Fig. 16, 1, 2, 4).

Vessels of the Late Irma group are pot-shaped with a high arched neck and flat bottom, high shoulders. The ornamentation combines drawn and stamped techniques. Products are decorated with horizontal rows of oblique notches, combed and drawn "herringbone". One of the distinguishing features is the presence of two rows of "pearls" or more. The impressions of the comb stamp are marked (Fig. 16, 6).

The Molchanov group is represented by vessels with arc-shaped (Molchanov) necks, cross-trickle (Type 1; Fig. 16, 5, 8, 9) and carved (Type 2; Fig. 16, 3, 7, 9) ornaments. Previously, these ceramics were attributed to the Linev stage of the Zavyalovo culture [Zakh, 1997, p. 89, fig. 33], but today it can be defined as similar to the dishes of the Molchanov culture [Kosarev, 1987, p. 300 - 304, 398, Fig.119].

A group of products with features of early Iron Age tableware is represented by large closed jar-shaped vessels. They are decorated on their shoulders with rows of" pearls " with discharge (Figs. 16, 13), like dishes from monuments of the VIII-III centuries BC from the territory of the Tomsk Ob region (Pletneva, 1977, Fig. 5, 5; 18, 1].

The Samodelkin group includes vessels with a high straight or funnel-shaped neck, with high shoulders, and products of a jar shape. The whisk is designed in a peculiar way: with the help of strong pressure with the end of a shaped tool, the whisk section is turned into a platform with lowered edges. These products differ from the vessels of the above groups in terms of technical and technological characteristics. They have a light beige shard color. The molding mass, made up according to the recipe clay + rock fragments, resembles the dough of products of the third group, but differs in the concentration, size and quality of rock fragments. The pattern of products is specific: horizontal, inclined and meander-like lines made by drawing and using a receding spatula with a curved working edge. On one vessel, the border method of applying an ornament is combined with a mesh one. Under the decorative ornament is often read technical ornament. On one frag-

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15. Distribution of ceramic groups at excavations 1-7, dwellings N 17, 16, 15, Linevo-1 (%).

1-Irmenskaya; 2 - pozdneirmenskaya; 3 - Molchanovskaya of the 1st type; 4-molchanovskaya of the 2nd type; 5 - samodelkinskaya; 6-the appearance of dishes of the early Iron Age.

the neck has an ornamental pattern on both surfaces. A vessel was found with two rows of attached rollers on the neck, dissected by impressions of the scapula, as well as a section of the corolla (Fig. 16, 10-12).

Similar ceramics are found in the materials of other monuments of the transition period, which, due to their unusual nature, either remained without interpretation (V. A. Zakh published a fragment of a vessel among the mate-

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16. Ceramics of different groups of the Linevo-1 settlement.

1, 2, 4-Irmenskaya; 3, 5, 7 - 9 - Molchanovskaya; 6 - pozdneirmenskaya; 10 - 12 - Samselkinskaya; 13 - the appearance of early Iron Age tableware.

34], but did not indicate it in any way), or were not published at all. Similar ceramics were found in 2006 at the monument Berezovy Ostrov-1 (Moshkovsky district, Novosibirsk region). [Mylnikova et al., 2006, pp. 450-455, Figs. 1, 1, 2]. V. I. Molodin and L. N. Mylnikova suggested the direction of the search for the origins of this ceramic tradition [2005, pp. 403 - 404], which was fully confirmed [Mandryka, 2008].

Building No. 11. It is an economic platform associated with the bronze casting industry.

131 vessels from excavation site 1 were studied. The collection is dominated by ceramics of the Irma group-93 %, products of the Late Irma group - 1 and Molchanov type 1 (cross-jet)-6% are represented (Fig. 17).

Dwelling N17. 151 items were studied: ceramics of the Irma group (52 %), Late Irma group (13 %), Molchanov type 1 (23 %), Molchanov type 2 (7 %), Samodelka type (2%), and Early Iron Age ware (3 %). 75 vessels from filling the pit of the dwelling were also analyzed. It is established that the products of the Irmen group dominate-

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17. Distribution of ceramic groups at excavations I and II, building N 11 and dwelling N 17, Linevo-1 (%).

1-Irmenskaya; 2 - pozdneirmenskaya; 3 - Molchanovskaya of the 1st type; 4-molchanovskaya of the 2nd type; 5 - samodelkinskaya; 6-the appearance of dishes of the early Iron Age.

py - 49.3 %, with the characteristic features of the late-Irmen group-4 % of vessels, a large share is made up of dishes of the Molchanov group - 33 % (24 units). - vessels of the 2nd type). Ceramics of the Samodelkin group ( 13 %) were also found on the floor and in the filling of the pit.

Products of the Irmen and Late Irmen groups are recorded on the entire area of the dwelling, most of them - in the northern zone, vessels of the Molchanov group - on the southern periphery. It should be emphasized that in the utility pit No. 1 there were ruins of vessels of the Irmenskaya, Molchanovskaya and Samodelkinskaya groups from the dwelling No. 17. Fragments of vessels of all these groups found in dwelling No. 17 were found in ash pits around the pit (Fig.

Dwelling No. 16. 41 vessels were examined. The share of dishes of different groups is as follows: Irmenskaya - 46 %, pozdneirmenskaya - 3, Molchanovskaya type 1-19, Molchanovskaya type 2 - 22, samodelkinskaya-5, vessels of the Early Iron Age appearance-5 %. 17 products were recorded in the pit filling, 15 % of them belong to the Irmen group, 27 %- to the Molchanov group (Fig. 18). Fragments of many vessels from the dwelling are recorded around it, but the main part is concentrated in the area to the north of the dwelling, in the pit of an earlier structure of the Irmen culture.

Dwelling No. 15. Multi-chamber, large. Chambers 1, 2, and partially 3 are fully examined (Fig. 19). 236 vessels were studied. The share of products of different groups is as follows: Irmenskaya - 60 %, pozdneirmenskaya - 5, Molchanovskaya - 34 (of which type 1-20, type 2-14), samodelkinskaya - 1 %.

Pit 1 is the main one, 71 items were recorded in its filling, of which 60% were made in Irma, 6% in Pozdneirm, and 34 % in Molchanov. Vessels of the Samodelkin group and dishes of the Early Iron Age appearance are recorded in the upper horizons. In the pit there were dishes of different groups, it was localized, as a rule, along the walls, very rarely in the central part.

Pit 2 is a passageway, 23 items were found in it, 7 of them were found in the filling of the pit. The share of Irma dishes is 71 %, Molchanovskaya-29 %.

Pit 3 has been partially explored. It contains 16 items, including 3 items. (2 units) - irmenskaya group, 1 unit-Molchanovskaya) - in filling the pit.

Fragments of vessels fixed inside the pits were also found between the pits and in the inter-core space. For example, parts of a vessel from the pit of dwelling No. 16 were found in pit 1 of dwelling No. 15. This can be considered evidence of the synchronicity of objects. Probably, outbuildings also belonged to the period of habitation: fragments of vessels from dwellings No. 15-17 were also recorded in them.

Inter-dwelling space and outbuildings (see Figure 14). As it was noted, fragments of products that had fallen into disrepair were thrown into ash pits located around the pits of dwellings.

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18. Distribution of ceramic groups at excavations 3, 4, 7, dwelling No. 16, Linevo-1 (%).

1-Irmenskaya; 2 - pozdneirmenskaya; 3 - Molchanovskaya of the 1st type; 4-molchanovskaya of the 2nd type; 5 - samodelkinskaya; 6-the appearance of dishes of the early Iron Age.

19. Distribution of ceramic groups at excavations 5, 6, dwelling No. 15, Linevo-1 (%).

1-Irmenskaya group; 2 - pozdneirmenskaya; 3 - Molchanovskaya type 1; 4-molchanovskaya type 2; 5-samodelkinskaya;

6 - the appearance of dishes from the Early Iron Age.

Their analysis also gives an idea of the distribution of ceramic groups on the monument. The share of products of the Irmenskaya group is 65 %, Pozneirmenskaya - 7, Molchanovskaya type 1-15, Molchanovskaya type 2 - 6, Samodelkinskaya-6, Early Iron Age tableware appearance-1 %. In the collection of the entire monument, the Irma component makes up 63 %, the Late Irma component-4 %. The largest share belongs to the group of ceramics with Molchanov ornamentation-24% (16% of the 1st type and 8% of the 2nd type). Ceramics of the selected groups are represented in each dwelling, but in dwelling N 16 the Molchanov component is more significant than in dwellings N 15 and 17. It is significant that fragments belonging to one vessel from the dwellings fell into the ashtrays around these buildings.

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Conclusions

Statistical and planigraphic study of a sample of ceramic material from basic monuments of the transition period from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age in the south-eastern forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia allows us to draw the following conclusions:

1) it confirms the simultaneous existence of vessels on the monument of several ceramic groups associated with the traditions of the transition from bronze to iron time - Late Irmen (autochthonous) and inokulyur. Inoculature components for the Chicha-1 settlement are Berliksky, Krasnoozersky, suzgunsky, "severny" (Atlymsky ?), for the Zavyalovo-5 settlement - molchanovsky, for the Linevo-1 settlement - molchanovsky, samodelkinsky.

The ratio of autochthonous and non-cultural components in different sections of the monument and dwellings in the collections is different. For example, on the Chicha-1 hillfort, the Late Irma complex dominates the population of dwellings N 3 and Za ("citadel") (83 %), and Berlik (7%) and Krasnoozersk (4%) ware is also represented. In the filling of pit No. 5 (residential area IIIa), the basis of the ceramic complex is the Pozdneirmen group (86 %), a considerable share is made up of Berlik vessels (11 %), Krasnoozerskaya, Suzgunskaya and "severnaya" (Atlymskaya ?) ceramics are only slightly represented. In the filling of dwelling No. 8/8a (residential area IIIb), the Krasnoozersk ware complex (38 %) is close to the Pozdneirmen (33 %) and Berlik (26%) in terms of specific weight. Pit No. 10 (residential area IVa) is characterized by a predominance of Krasnoozersk dishes (84%), with the presence of Late Irma (10%) and Berlik (3%).

One of the reasons for the coexistence of multicultural ceramics on one monument should be considered broad exchange relations, which included the inhabitants of the vast territories of Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan - an ethnically diverse population. On the Chicha-1 hillfort, a stable relationship between the concentration of ceramics of the Krasnoozersk group and traces of foundry production was traced: in dwelling No. 8, the highest concentration of dishes was noted at the puncture No. 1 in chamber 8, where the foundry site was located [Molodin et al., 2009, pp. 216-217, Fig. 3].

The largest share of ceramics of the Krasnoozersk group (81 %) corresponds to dwelling No. 10, which was a foundry workshop [Ibid., pp. 48-49, 218-219]. In dwelling No. 1, which was also a foundry, the Krasnoozersk group of ceramics accounts for 36.3 %, the mixed Krasnoozersk-Irma group-48 %, and their highest concentration is noted near the melting forge and procals in the layer with foundry waste. The horns in both dwellings are absolutely identical and, as already noted, have a clearly foreign cultural, most likely Western, origin [Ibid., p. 219]. Ceramic crucibles, molds, the composition of their molding masses and molding methods that characterize the foundry production in both workshops are significantly different from the traditional Irma ones, and they probably came to dwelling No. 10 together with the carriers of the Krasnoozersk tradition of making ceramics [Ibid., pp. 229-230].

On the territory of residential zone IIIa, in all dwellings and foundry sites, the predominance of late Irma ceramics and bronze-foundry products of the Irma tradition is traced, but in dwelling No. 18, which is clearly associated with an extra-residential production complex (pits 1, 2, 18), the share of the Krasnoozersky component is 27.3 %, while in the neighboring one-2, and in the rest of the territory 0.4% (housing N 7) and 6.6% (housing N 3).

A certain regularity in the placement of ceramic complexes inside residential structures is noted. In the multi-chamber dwelling N 3/3a (excavation 6) of the Chicha-1 hillfort, the ceramics of the Berlik and Krasnoozersk groups are localized mainly in chamber N 3a, and in chamber N 3, which is dominated by Late Irmen ware, there are isolated fragments, including fragments of vessels presented in chamber N 3. Chambers N 8 and 8a (excavation 5) also differ in the localization of ceramic material belonging to different groups. In the first one, the dishes of the Krasnoozersk group are concentrated, it occupies the pre-passage zone and the area around the puncture 1. The second chamber is dominated by ceramics of the Berlik group, centered around the central hearth. This may indicate a specific structure of family-marriage and neighborhood relations of various ethno-cultural groups that coexisted on the ancient settlement.

In all the buildings of the Zavyalovo-5 settlement, the predominance of ceramics of the Late Irmen group was recorded - from 72.4 to 86.6%. Products of the Molchanov and mixed groups in the housing chambers and economic structures of the Zavyalovo-5 settlement are presented differently. The share of Molchanov and mixed products from the lower horizon to the upper one in all dwellings gradually decreases, its maximum indicator usually corresponds to horizon 3. In dwelling No. 2, Molchanov ceramics are absent at the floor level; in dwelling No. 4, their share is minimal. Probably, at different times, the ratio of the local (carriers of the Late Irmen tradition of ornamentation of ceramics) and the alien (carriers of the Molchanov culture) population on the ancient settlement was different.

In dwellings N 2, 3, 5 and structure N 2 on the Zavyalovo-5 hillfort, the share of Molchanov ceramics exceeds the average value and reaches 22 %. In dwellings N 1 and 4, the specific weight of such ceramics is,

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on the contrary, it is 2 times lower than the average for the monument. On the part of the monument - building No. 1 and an undeveloped plot (sq. G-W/5 - 12) - Molchanov materials are generally absent. This is also typical for products of a mixed group. Thus, the above-mentioned mixing of ceramic traditions is obvious, but in Zavyalovo-5 the components of this phenomenon are somewhat different and not as diverse as in Chicha-1.

The settlement of Linevo-1 is characterized by an absolute predominance of the local component. A special feature of the monument is the preservation of a large part of the ancient Irma component in the ceramic tradition, although it has acquired rough features (thick-walled dishes, large "pearls", large ornamental elements made in the drawing technique). The concentration of different groups of ceramics is noted inside buildings on different sections of dwellings (for example, N 17). Ruins of vessels of the Irmenskaya, Molchanovskaya, and Samodelkinskaya groups were found in utility pits. Fragments of vessels from all these groups of dwellings were recorded in ash pits around the pits. We can talk about the simultaneous functioning of the studied dwellings in the settlement. It is obvious that the materials of the Linevo-1 settlement also demonstrate the above trends;

2) on the studied monuments, the presence of syncretic forms of ceramics is recorded - one vessel embodies the ornamental traditions of the main groups identified. This may be an additional argument in favor of the assumption of the synchronous existence of carriers of these traditions and their interaction in settlements. It should be noted that the proportion of syncretic ceramics in the Zavyalovo-5 settlement is higher, and in the Linevo-1 settlement it is less than in other similarly studied synchronous monuments. The components of mixed complexes are also different;

3) the ceramics of the groups that predominate on the monuments (Chicha-1: Pozdneirmenskaya - Krasnoozerskaya - Berlikskaya; Zavyalovo-5: Pozdneirmenskaya - Molchanovskaya; Linevo-1: Irmenskaya - Pozdneirmenskaya - Molchanovskaya) were involved in the same production processes. For example, near the hearth in dwelling No. 3 on the Zavyalovo-5 hillfort, fragments of both Molchanov and Late Irmen products were found slagged and streaked with copper. Both vessels were clearly used as crucibles for melting metal in the same furnace during the time of the dwelling's existence;

4) the ancient settlements of Chicha-1, Zavyalovo-5, and Linevo-1 are monuments of the transition period from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, demonstrating the complexity of ethno-cultural processes, the direction of cultural ties between the autochthonous and alien populations, and the peculiar structure of social relations (Molodin, 2007). As already noted (Molodin, 2008; Molodin and Mylnikova, 2011), a "northern stream" of migrants has formed in the forest-steppe regions of Western Siberia under the influence of sharp climatic changes. It involved the broad masses of the diverse population of a huge region, including in the western regions of the West Siberian forest-steppe and Trans-Urals;

5) on all the objects, without exception, there is a complex of peculiar ceramic dishes resembling Bolsherechensk vessels of the Early Iron Age (according to the identification of M. P. Gryaznov [1956]). What this is connected with is not yet clear. Understanding this phenomenon requires a very close study of Early Scythian complexes, primarily from the territory adjacent to the West Siberian forest-steppe from the south (see, for example, [Kiryushin and Tishkin, 1997, fig. 67]), from the point of view of the morphology of these dishes and their manufacturing technology;

6) taking into account the results obtained, it is necessary to take an extremely balanced approach to the issues of cultural diagnostics of monuments of transitional epochs. If the sample is incorrect and the area of the monument is small, the interpretation of the material may be distorted.

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Kiryushin M. F., Tishkin A. A. Scythian epoch of the Altai Mountains: Culture of the population in the Early Scythian period. - Barnaul: Alt Publishing House. state University, 1997, Part 1, 231 p.

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Mylnikova L. N., Durakov I. A., Mzhelskaya T. N., Kobeleva L. S., Savin A. N., Syatkin V. P., Mylnikov V. P. Raboty na pamyatnik Beryozovy Ostrov v 2006 g. [Works on the Berezovy Island monument in 2006] Novosibirsk: Publishing House of IAET SB RAS, 2006, vol. XII, part 1, pp. 450-455.

Mylnikova L. N., Durakov I. A., Mzhelskaya T. N., Savin A. N., Kobeleva L. S., Syatkin V. P., Parinov R. O. Raboty na poselenii Linevo-1 v 2005 g. [Works on the settlement of Linevo-1 in 2005] 2005-Novosibirsk: Publishing House of IAET SB RAS, 2005. - Vol. XI, part 1. - pp. 431-436.

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Troitskaya T. N. Zavyalovskaya kul'tura i ee mesto sredi lesostepnykh kul'tury Zapadnoy Sibiri [Zavyalovskaya culture and its place among forest-steppe cultures of Western Siberia]. Tyumen: Tyum State University, 1985, pp. 54-69.

Troitskaya T. N., Zakh V. A., Sidorov E. A. Novoe o zavyalovskaya kul'ture [New information about zavyalovskaya culture]. Zapadnosibirskaya lesostep ' na rubezhe bronzovogo i zheleznogo veka [West Siberian forest-steppe at the Turn of the Bronze and Iron Ages]. Tyumen: Tyum State University, 1989, pp. 101-116.

Troitskaya T. N., Mzhelskaya T. V. Ceramics of the Zavyalovsky type in the Novosibirsk Ob region / / Ethnocultural processes in the Upper Ob region and adjacent regions at the end of the Bronze Age. Barnaul: Kontsept Publ., 2008, pp. 115-121.

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The article was submitted to the editorial Board on 04.06.12, in the final version-on 14.06.12.

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V. I. Molodin, L. N. Mylnikova, I. A. Durakov, L. S. Kobeleva, STATISTICAL AND PLANIGRAPHIC STUDY OF CERAMIC COMPLEXES OF BASIC MONUMENTS OF THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM THE BRONZE AGE TO THE EARLY IRON AGE (south-eastern zone of the forest-steppe part of Western Siberia) // London: British Digital Library (ELIBRARY.ORG.UK). Updated: 21.12.2024. URL: https://elibrary.org.uk/m/articles/view/STATISTICAL-AND-PLANIGRAPHIC-STUDY-OF-CERAMIC-COMPLEXES-OF-BASIC-MONUMENTS-OF-THE-TRANSITION-PERIOD-FROM-THE-BRONZE-AGE-TO-THE-EARLY-IRON-AGE-south-eastern-zone-of-the-forest-steppe-part-of-Western-Siberia (date of access: 19.02.2025).

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