Ulianus dies, vel Tilia floris: sensus festi, qui odorat melle et dilectione

In populo calendario 4 Iulii festum speciali notatur — Ulianus die, quod etiam Tilia floris dicitur. Hoc non est simplicis dies in series dies aestivales. Hoc est coniunctio memoriae sancti martyris, deo sancti arboris cultu et commotae legendo de duobus amantibus, qui numquam se invenire potuerunt. Sub omnibus nominibus huius festi — Ulianus dies, Tilia floris, Ulianus diem — est proprius sensus, proprius mos et proprius magia. Ut eum integre intelligere, oportet in tris eius aspectibus: ecclesiastica, naturalis et amatoria.

Ecclesiasticus radix: memoria sancti martyris Iuliani Tarsensis

Festum in traditione orthodoxa radices habet. 4 Iulii (per vetustum usum — 21 Iunii) Ecclesia orthodoxa sancti martyris Iuliani Tarsensis memoriam colit. Hic sanctus vivit in saeculo III–IV in urbe Tarse (in terra hodierna Turcia) et ab aetate juventutis Christianam fidem exercebat. In aetate 18 annorum subiit crudelis persecutionibus a paganis. Iulianum in carcerem misit et conatus est ab Christo abdicare, sed in fide sua firmus manebat. Cum eo et eius mater percutti sunt. Secundum traditionem, puer in sacco cum serpentiis locutus est et in mare projicitur. Postea ossa eius inventa sunt et miracula sanationis laudabantur.

In Russia nomen Iulianus in plus communem auditu «Ulian» mutatum est, ergo dies eius memoriae et nomen populari — Ulianus dies — accepit. In populo calendario huius data etiam stricte cum cultu sanctorum similium nominibus — presbyteri Iulii et diaconi Iuliani — coniuncta est, quod fortius confirmavit nomen communem «Ulianus».

Naturalis substantia: initium florationis tiliae

Secundum, non minus importantem nomen festi — Tilia floris. Hoc est coniunctum cum eo, quod ad initium Iulii in regione media Russia coepit massivum florationis tiliae. In traditione rustica hoc erat evenimentum significativum: tilia deo sancta, arbor mater, donans omnem necessariam. Ab his diebus coepit collectum florum tiliae pro preparatione therapeuticis decoctionibus.

Florum tiliae ab aetate vetustae ceterum valuerunt pro proprietatibus sanitariis. Eam usabantur pro catarrhis, febris, malo capitis, croup. Mulieres ablutiones florum tiliae aut decoctione florum faciebant, ut perpetuare juventutem et pulchritudinem. Tilia non solum ut herba medicamentosa, sed et ut amuletum colerunt. Exstitit credo, quod eam a malo excipit, et qui tiliam rixit, in silva se perditus est. Etiam crediderunt, quod in tiliam fulmen non patefactum est, ergo frequentemente in domibus et ecclesiis coluntur.

Legenda de dilectione: Ulian et Ulian

Sed maximus et commotissimus sensus Ulianus dies est legenda popularis de duobus amantibus — Ulian et Ulian. Historia narrat de his, quomodo puer et puella numquam se invenire potuerunt. Ulian in campo amantem expectabat, ipsa autem ad fontem eum petebat. Eam mutabant locos, sed numquam se invenire potuerunt.

In populo huius tristiae historiae proverbia refert: «Ulian Ulianae in faciem non gletat» et «Ulian Ulianam clamat, at Ulianam — Ulianam». In vetustate, ut ne fortasse fortis heroum fortasse fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis heroum fortis 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