In the history of the formation of foreign Asian funds of the Ethnographic Department of the Russian Museum (now the Russian Ethnographic Museum), there are many fascinating pages that, for various reasons, were not awarded special research. Among them, without a doubt, one of the most interesting is the history of the receipt of South Persian collections associated with the name of Prince N. I. Amatuni, whose name is completely unknown to the scientific world. He was one of the so-called practical Orientalists who did not leave any special works in the field of Oriental studies. His activities developed in the bowels of the Ministry of Finance and the General Directorate of Merchant Shipping and Ports, and he did a lot to expand Russia's influence in the Middle East. Materials about his activities are kept in the Russian State Historical Archive in St. Petersburg.

Keywords: Prince N. I. Amatuni, expedition to the Middle East, Persian Gulf countries, ethnographic collection, Russian Ethnographic Museum.

According to the materials of the personal file covering the period 1903-1916 [RGIA, f. 95, op. 9, ed. xr. 4, l. 1 - 14 et seq.; VA GRM, l. 87 - 87ob.], Nikodim Isaevich Amatuni, an Armenian-Gregorian confessor, was born on May 3, 1862 in 1889 G. he graduated from the Faculty of Law of the Imperial Saint Petersburg University and received a PhD in Law. On January 30, 1890, he was appointed to serve in the Criminal Cassation Department of the Government Senate as a candidate for judicial positions, where he was confirmed with the rank of collegiate secretary. On February 16, 1893, Amatuni was appointed Acting judicial investigator of the Yekaterinoslav District Court district, and from April 30, 1896-Acting judicial investigator of the Vitebsk District Court District. Then, in the same position, he served in the Saratov District Court (order of May 26, 1898), and from April 17, 1903, he was appointed acting judicial investigator of the Kamyanets-Podilsky District Court, where he was transferred at his own request. In 1895, Amatuni was promoted to titular Councilor.

N. I. Amatuni knew academician A. N. Pypin closely, with whom he was in a long-term correspondence and who had a great influence on him. In St. Petersburg, he was close to the circle of A. A. Shakhmatov; when he came to St. Petersburg, he often visited the houses of A. F. Koni and V. S. Solovyov. He was also closely acquainted with the famous landowner and traveler P. A. Rovinsky.

At the beginning of 1903, Amatuni's life changed dramatically. On January 20, 1903, he petitioned the Chief Administrator of Merchant Shipping and Ports, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, to grant him a position in the department entrusted to him. In 1903, by order of the Department of the Main Directorate of Merchant Shipping and Ports of August 11, 1903, he was transferred to the service of the Main Directorate of Merchant Shipping and Ports.

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to the management of TMF, where he was appointed a special assignment officer of the VI class under the chief administrator.

In 1904, Mr .. Amatuni was promoted to collegiate councillors and appointed head of an expedition equipped by the main directorate of the TMP to the ports of the Persian Gulf and the provinces gravitating towards them. This expedition lasted from February to October 1904. After returning from the trip, Amatuni was sent to Moscow, Warsaw, Lodz, Kiev, Odessa, Batumi, Tiflis, Kharkiv and Nizhny Novgorod to organize meetings and develop practical recommendations for firms trading with southern Persia, as well as to organize exhibitions.1 The exhibitions and meetings organized by N. I. Amatuni were highly appreciated by representatives of the commercial and industrial circles. In particular, a representative of the Zenzinov Brothers trading house wrote the following in one of his private letters about them:: "Recently N. I. Amatuni left Moscow. The small exhibition he arranged here, in the Exchange building, of samples of goods that are imported into southern Persia and that could be exported from there to Russia, and the thorough detailed report that he made during 2 meetings, as well as the explanations he gave on each subject separately, with full knowledge of the matter, produced the local merchants made a very favorable impression and were interested in many manufacturers and merchants. Some of them intend to send samples of their works via Odessa to Bushir and Bassora on the next steamer, while others intend to send some of the goods there for testing. They were also interested in importing some items from Persia, such as jute, wax, gantt 2, gum arabic 3, opium, lemon juice, sesame seeds, and others. Some of these orders may have to be accepted for our firm's execution. Now that the market of Manchuria, where Moscow sold goods worth several tens of millions of rubles annually, is completely lost for Russia, it is necessary to think about finding a new market, and such can be southern Persia, if only the Russian merchants manage to do this, and the Government does not refuse its assistance " [RGIA, p. 40, op. 1, units hr. 606, l. 27-27ob.].

Based on the results of this exhibition of samples of South Persian import and export, arranged in the premises of the St. Petersburg Stock Exchange, merchants and other persons interested in the development of trade relations between Russia and Persia, expressed a desire that these samples, after the exhibition closes, should be used as a public museum, which would be replenished annually. According to Amatuni, it would be more expedient to arrange such a museum in Moscow or in Odessa, when the agency of the main Directorate of Merchant Shipping and ports is established there, or at least in St. Petersburg in the premises of the main directorate. At the same time, he noted that "if it is considered difficult, due to the lack of special funds for this, for the Main Directorate to take over the establishment of a museum in these cities, the Zenzinov Brothers Trading House expressed a desire to arrange the above-mentioned museum at its offices in Odessa or Moscow." It should be noted that it was the mentioned trading house that was defined as the general intermediary and coordinator of all trade activities in Southern Persia [RGIA, f. 565, op. 4, ed. hr. 14565, l. 50-50ob.].

In August 1905 - April 1906, Amatuni, already an official of special assignments under the Minister of Commerce, led his second expedition to the ports of the Persian Gulf and neighboring provinces. On his return from the expedition in 1906, he was again sent to the industrial centers of Russia to familiarize the Russian merchants with materials about Russia's trade relations with the markets of Southern Persia.

In 1907, he was promoted to state councilor and in 1908 was sent to foreign ports visited by urgent voyages and a fixed ship date.-

1 This was reported by the daily newspaper Novosti Denya in its issue of March 21 (8), 1905.

2 Resin obtained from prickly shrubs.

3 A type of gum.

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a meeting of the Russian Shipping and Trade Society to clarify the commercial significance of these ports for Russia. In 1909, he was sent to Novorossiysk, Sukhum and intermediate ports for a period of one month to collect on-site information about the organization of communication methods between urgent steamers stopping for roadsteads.

In 1909, Amatuni was placed in charge of a floating exhibition organized by the Russian Shipping and Trade Society to visit the ports of the Middle East, and in 1910, he was appointed commissioner of the Russian Department at the International Exhibition in Turin, which took place the following year.

In 1911, Mr .. Amatuni, already a full state Councillor, was sent to the points of Bulgaria, Serbia and Romania, gravitating to the ports of the Danube and Prut, to find out the current state of the Russian Danube Shipping Company and collect on-site information concerning the improvement and development of trade relations between Russia and the Danube countries, and then-to the ports of the Middle East to get acquainted with the conditions of local markets.

Amatuni met the beginning of the First World War while serving in the Russian Red Cross Society. The main directorate of the Society sent him to the disposal of its chief commissioner on the North-Western Front, where he managed a field warehouse in Warsaw [Simbirsk, 1917, pp. 130-139, 153; Bulletin of the Red Cross, 1915, No. 5, p. 2146]. In 1916, he became an indispensable member of the Petrograd Department of the special commission of the Supreme Soviet of the Society, leaving his post in the Ministry of Trade and Industry.

In 1915, Amatuni was awarded the Order of St. John the Baptist. Vladimir of the 3rd degree, and on June 22, 1916," for works on the Russian Red Cross Society in wartime circumstances " - the Order of St. Stanislaus of the 1st degree. He was also awarded a silver medal to commemorate the reign of Emperor Alexander III and a bronze medal to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov. In addition, Amatuni received foreign awards -the Order of the True Cross of the Holy Sepulchre and the Bulgarian Civil Merit Award of the 3rd degree. In 1914, he was granted the right to wear the highest Red Cross badge established on June 24, 1899.

During the civil War, the name of N. I. Amatuni flashed among the figures of the white movement in the south of Russia. After the defeat of the White Army, he emigrated, lived in Paris, took part in the activities of the Society in Memory of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, the Union of Russian Judicial Figures, the Society of Former Students of St. Petersburg University, was a member of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society, and made memoirs. Recently he lived in a Russian house in Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois. He died on March 4, 1946 and was buried in the Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois cemetery [Rossiiskoe zarubezhye..., 2008, p. 49].

In the context of the history of the formation of the collections of the Ethnographic Department, we are primarily interested in N. I. Amatuni's expeditions to Southern Persia.

The goals and objectives of the expeditions are set out by him in a "Note" dated April 24, 1905, addressed to the head of the Merchant Shipping Department K. Alekseev [RGIA, f. 565, op. 4, ed. hr. 14565, l. 45-49].]. It noted that the question of establishing communications with Persia by sea arose in 1900. This year, the Ministry of Finance conducted a study of trade in the Persian Gulf in order to find out opportunities for selling Russian goods there. The results of this study showed the full possibility of organizing direct trade relations and importing Russian goods to the ports of the southern Persian coast. Therefore, the Ministry of Finance, having decided to establish these connections, instructed the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade to make a test flight from Odessa to the ports of the Gulf in February 1901. This flight gave favorable results, but since the experience of one flight did not yet provide enough data for the actual organization of urgent flights and the order in which they were performed, mi-

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The Ministry of Finance considered it necessary to organize several more trips of Russian Society steamships to the ports of the Persian Gulf. The data obtained during the first voyages showed that direct sea trade relations between Russia and the ports of the Persian Gulf could develop if constant urgent steamship flights were established for a more or less long period of time. The issue of establishing urgent communications with Persia was finally discussed in a Special Meeting chaired by State Secretary S. Y. Witte and then submitted to the State Council for approval.

When considering this issue in March 1903, the departments of the State Council recognized that it was very important for Russia from a political point of view to take measures that would help establish and strengthen Russian influence in Persia. Russia's participation in the fate of this state was, in the opinion of the departments, a legacy bequeathed by all previous reigns, starting with Peter the Great. Prior to this, all the government's plans were mainly aimed at ensuring the predominance of Russia in the north of Persia. For this purpose, railways were built to Erivan, and further measures were taken to connect our railway network to the land border with Persia. But the strengthening of Russian positions in the north did not ensure Russia's influence on the rest of the country's provinces. The latter can only be achieved by strengthening the position of Russia and in the south of Persia. The need for measures aimed at this end was particularly pronounced in view of the construction of the Baghdad Railway, which was being proposed at that time, and with the help of which the rival powers of Russia acquired a powerful means of strengthening their influence. Among such events, the Russian shipping company was to take a prominent place. The departments considered that urgent steamship services to the ports of the Persian Gulf should operate for a sufficiently long time.

On the basis of the subsequent opinion of the State Council approved by Nicholas II on April 2, 1903, the General Directorate of Merchant Shipping and Ports concluded an agreement with the board of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade on urgent steamship services between Odessa and the ports of the Persian Gulf and Basra. According to this agreement, the Company undertook to make flights from Odessa to Basra four times a year for 12 years, starting from January 1, 1903. In addition, the Government paid special attention to providing assistance to Russian industrialists in the fight against foreign competition. The measures of this assistance included, in particular, the development of a network of consular representation, which was expressed in addition to the opening of consulates in Basra and Bushehr in 1901, in the establishment of a similar one in Bandar Abbas and putting the question of opening a Russian consulate in Muscat on the waiting list.

The Ministry of Finance (until 1902), and then the main department of the TMF, did everything possible to attract Russian merchants to trade with southern Persia. As a result, representatives of the firms of Prokhorov, Savva Morozov, Asaf Baranov, Scheibler, Azumanov, the Aliyev Brothers and others were established in the ports of the Persian Gulf and in the shopping centers of Shiraz, Isfahan, Yezd, Kerman, as well as Baghdad. Since the end of 1904, the Zenzinov Brothers Trading House has spread its network of agents in the major shopping centers of the southern provinces of Persia and opened offices in Basra and Bushehr.

Thus, a number of Russian enterprises sprang up in the south, where every year Russian clerks were sent to expand their business. Despite the difficult working conditions (the Russian bank operated mainly in the north of Persia), trade with these places gradually developed and every year the number of Russian merchants in the south of Persia increased.

Prior to Amatuni, an expedition of a well-known journalist visited this region for the same purpose of exploring the ports of the Persian Gulf in April-October 1900

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S. N. Syromyatnikov (pseudonym Sigma), who acted under the guise of a merchant, who previously, in 1897-1899, made a number of trips to Korea in order to study the possibility of developing minerals there by Russian entrepreneurs. It was on the basis of the information obtained by S. N. Syromyatnikov in Southern Persia that it was decided to send a Russian Society steamer to the Persian Gulf on a trial run; Syromyatnikov took the most active part in organizing this case, as well as in implementing measures taken by the Ministry of Finance to attract Russian industrialists to participate in this case [RGIA, f. 22, op. 2, ed. hr. 2320, l. 1.3 vol.]. In 1902, the Kiev stockbroker A.D. Sumnevich visited the ports of Southern Persia, who studied the possibilities of exporting Russian sugar to this area [RGIA, f. 95, op. 4, ed. hr. 1458, l. 31-39.]4.

As already mentioned, the first expedition of N. I. Amatuni was made in February-October 1904. In his secret report, dated November 3, 1904, about the goals and objectives of this expedition, he wrote the following:: "In my research and guidance of the activities of the representatives of our merchants who were part of the expedition, I proceeded from the basic position that Russia has great political interests in Persia, Mesopotamia and Arab Iraq, which it supports and develops by peaceful means, the most important and important of which are the establishment of a correct trade exchange with Persia, Mesopotamia, Arab Iraq and taking a dominant position for our trade in the markets of these countries. As far as I could, I tried to make the representatives of our merchants, like the Russians, imbued with this idea and in their relations with foreign merchants, first think about our common state interests in all of Persia, Mesopotamia and Arab Iraq, and then about the interests of their own company, since these interests are largely identical with each other. they do not contradict each other" [RGIA, f. 95, op. 4, ed. hr. 1473 (1904), l. 3-4].

In his reports, Amatuni gives a characteristic, often unflattering, of the activities of representative offices of Russian trading houses in the Middle East region, the work of consulates of states with which Russia competed here, as well as recommendations in which he points out methods and ways of developing Russian influence here.

Amatuni's second expedition had the same tasks as the first. Its members as a private secretary included Pavel Fedoseevich Mikhailov, who graduated from the course of higher commercial sciences at the Moscow Commercial Academy, as well as Moisey Zdvishkov, a Cossack of the first Lobinsky regiment of the Kuban Cossack Army, who was sent to the expedition, who was mainly engaged in exploring the areas through which the expedition passed, organizing and managing the caravan [RGIA, f. 565, op. 4, ed. hr. 14565, l. 116.]. In addition, representatives of major manufacturers took part in the expedition: Morozov, Prokhorov, Kuznetsov, etc.

The route was as follows: the expedition was to leave Odessa, visit Constantinople, Smyrna, Beirut, Jaffa, Port Said, Suez, Jeddah, Hodeidah, Djibouti, Aden, Muscat, study, as far as possible, the conditions of trade in these ports, as well as the activities of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade, and then explore in detail the ports of the Persian Gulf: Bandar Abbas, Dubai (on the Pirate Coast), Linge, Bahrain, Bandar Bushir, Mohamera, Ahvaz, Shuster Bassora; the land route of the expedition was directed to major shopping centers of Persia: Shiraz, Isfahan, Yazd, Rafsinjan, Kerman, Bam and Bandar Abbas. At the same time, the expedition was entrusted with the special task of studying in detail the still little-explored trade route from Kerman to Bam, the fortress of Kanu, with access to Bandar Abbas, i.e. to the region of Persian Balochistan. In view of this, Amatuni was granted the right to participate in the study.-

4 See Sumnevich's report in the " Bulletin of the Sugar Industry "(Kiev, 1902); in 1906, A.D. Sumnevich made a second trip to Southern Persia (see "Bulletin of the Sugar Industry". Kiev, 1906). In its reports, it provides characteristics of shopping centers and trade routes.

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When using unknown areas, do not limit yourself to the time set by the route, but rather adapt to local conditions. Therefore, the expedition lasted ten months instead of six, of which three were devoted to the study of the road from Kerman via Bam to Bandar Abbas alone [RGIA, f. 565, op. 4, ed. ch. 14565, l. 18ob. -19]. Both the government and trading houses participated in the financing of the expedition. It was held in the most difficult climatic and organizational conditions: the area was famous for robber attacks.

During the work, the expedition members conducted detailed photographic surveys (this was mainly done by P. F. Mikhailov), demonstrated works of Russian industry, and collected local items. Amatuni's reports are full of comments that not only analyze the prospects of the Southern Persian market, but also contain ethnographic information. Thus, he noted that "although the Persians themselves in Isfahan and Hamadan make quite tolerable samovars by hand, these samovars are inferior to ours, both in quality and in price: our samovars boil more quickly and are cheaper" [RGIA, f. 565, op. 4, units hr. 14565, l. 26-26ob.In order to demonstrate the tastes of the inhabitants of Persia, the expedition collected samples of the most popular local goods, which were later used by Russian factories in the manufacture of goods intended for this market.

In order to study the reasons why South Persian cotton was mainly sent to Bombay, and to take measures on the spot to ensure that Moscow replaced Bombay, at the request of the owner of the Trekhgornaya Manufactory Prokhorov, the Nikolskaya Manufactory Association Savva Morozov and the Ludwig Rabinek Manufactory, Amatuni made a trip from Bandar Bushir to Bombay, about which he compiled a "Trade and Political report". report", which presented an analysis of the entire South Asian cotton market, features of fabric consumption in different countries, and possible prospects for Russian producers in this region [RGIA, f. 565, op. 4, units 14565, l. 56-68].

In his report, Amatuni also specifically referred to the merchant class of the Parsis, or Gebras, who occupied a leading position in the Bombay trade. "Turning to the question of the Parsis, it should be noted that they are a special political unit in India. As reported above, the Parsis are called Gebras in Persia, and they enjoy the special protection of our Mission in Tehran and the Accounting and Loan Bank of Persia. The real Parsis are descendants of the Hebrides from Persia, after the conquest of the latter by the Muslims. The main feature of their religion is the belief in One God and two conflicting principles - Good and Evil.

The basic rules of this teaching for life are pure thought, pure word, and pure deed; how far the Parsis adhere to these principles in real life is difficult to say. The Parsis, together with the Hindu reformers, form the most educated part of the native society. The outstanding commercial ability of the Parsis is recognized by the best English merchants, who find it difficult to compete with them, despite the special patronage given to the British by the Indian Government. The Parsis easily assimilate European education, but remain extremely conservative in preserving their customs and tribal characteristics; in this respect, they show amazing solidarity and cohesion. The whole commission business in Bombay is in the hands of the Parsis; we have had to deal with some commission agents, who all spoke several languages, and on occasion always introduced us to the Parsi manufacturers and merchants, avoiding the English and Hindus.

The Parsis have their own national assembly and consider the south-eastern part of Persia as their homeland, from which they had to leave due to the oppression of Muslims. Under the English system of government in India, which provides every nation with freedom of religion, assembly of customs, and even superstition, in a word,

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As a more capable element, the Parsis have gained the most advantageous position in comparison with other tribes, and they take great pains to develop and maintain the best possible relations with the Hebrides living in Persia. Arbab Jamshid, a well-known rich millionaire Gebr, who always lives in Persia and enjoys great respect among the Persian Gebr, is no less popular in Bombay among the Parsis. Our Accounting and Loan Bank of Persia intends to entrust its operations in the south of Persia to Arbab Jamshid himself.

Being small in number, the total number of them does not exceed one hundred thousand, the Parsis are aware of their strength only in wealth and devote themselves exclusively to commercial activities. It is not surprising that with such an understanding of their role and significance, the Parsis are excellent merchants who often beat the Europeans on the basis of competition. The best part of Bombay, the Malabar Hill, is occupied by Parsi houses; they have rich exits and seem to be doing very well and getting rich. From the above, it becomes clear that if the Parsis seek our protection, it is not in our interests at all, but in order to strengthen themselves more economically. There is no doubt that if at present we allow the Parsis to participate in our commercial enterprises in the south of Persia, we will thereby strengthen their moral and economic importance and eventually acquire dangerous competitors for ourselves in their person, and their displacement from their position in the commercial markets will prove difficult. it is not an easy task and will require a large amount of money " [RGIA, f. 565, op. 4, units hr. 14565, l. 63-65].

Amatuni also focused on the description of traditional pearl fishing in the Bahraini Islands. The information he received from the chief pearl exporter, Mucius, a German subject, was, in his opinion, extremely interesting and significantly different from what was presented in Russian publications, but it was quite consistent with the information subsequently communicated to him by many other persons who maintained trade relations with the islands. "According to the aforementioned merchant, the group of Bahraini Islands is a desert, in very rare places covered with skinny vegetation. There is very little water, and even that is of poor quality. The population on the islands is extremely poor and needs are extremely limited; during the two-month pearl fishing season, July and August, the total population of out - of-towners is barely 25,000.

The pearl fishery is completely tax-free, with the only restriction being that each owner can have no more than two boats; in general, the number of boats assembled annually for pearl fishing does not exceed 2,500.

At the end of fishing, the owners of boats immediately hand over their catch to European industrialists, who at the beginning of the season buy future catch and issue loans for it" [RGIA, f. 565, op. 4, units hr. 14565, l. 74ob. -75].

Amatuni elaborated on the attempt to organize an optional free Persian language course at the Odessa Merchant Shipping School on public holidays, as well as on other days in the evenings. Special permission was granted to Kaikhosroh Shakhrokh, an agent of the Russian Shipping and Trade Society, formerly a teacher of the Gebr School in Kerman, who, according to Miller, the Russian consul in that city, enjoyed universal respect among coats of arms. As an agent of the Russian Shipping and Trade Society, Kaykhosrow Shahrokh received a salary of 100 rubles a month, as well as reimbursement of all expenses related to his trip from Kerman via Mashhad and Baku to Odessa. Shakhrokh's duties, according to the contract concluded by Miller on the part of the Company with Shakhrokh, were to promote - through purchases in Odessa of Russian goods for Kerman merchants and Persian raw materials and handicraft items for Russian merchants-the development of trade exchange between Russia and Persia. If the same activity

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If during the two years of his service in the Company agreed upon in the contract, the Company would be useless and would not give any positive results, then the Company had the right to stop giving Shakhrokh a salary and consider itself free from all obligations to him.

By April 1905, Kaikhosrou Shakhrokh had been in Odessa for two months and, as Amatuni had already seen during his trip to Odessa, did not know where to apply his knowledge and abilities, since he was not familiar with the possibilities of Russian trade, and the situation in the southern provinces of Persia, being primarily a teacher, was poorly known. During the negotiations with Amatuni, Shahrokh expressed a desire to be given some written work that corresponded to his abilities, because without a certain task, he was burdened by his position and would like to return to his homeland, finding his further stay in Odessa useless. In turn, the main office of the Russian Society in Odessa recognized Shakhrokh's stay in Odessa as unprofitable for itself and sought an opportunity to terminate the contract with Shakhrokh and send him home. In this case, as in many others, Amatuni believed, Society showed complete indifference to the commercial business and an inability to take advantage of favorable circumstances for the development of the trade of its enterprises. Therefore, Amatuni believed that the greatest benefits for the Management of TMF from Shakhrokh's stay in Odessa would be the introduction of a Persian language course at the Odessa Maritime School and the appointment of Shakhrokh as a teacher. In a conversation between Amatuni and Shahrokh, the latter expressed full readiness to engage in teaching Persian in maritime classes [RGIA, f. 565, on. 4, ed. ch. 14565, l. 90-94.].

To his reports on the expedition, Amatuni attached a note "The political state of Persia" [RGIA, f. 565, op. 4, ed. ch. 14565, l. 138-154], where, in particular, he outlined his view on the reforms being carried out in Iran at that time. In addition, after the expedition, he handed over to the Ethnographic Department of the Russian Museum of Alexander III the materials he collected in Southern Persia.

On October 28, 1906, the well-known orientalist K. A. Inostranov, who supervised the Caucasus and Central Asia region in the Ethnographic Department, presented at a meeting of the Department's council the Amatuni manuscripts, which collected data on the material culture of the inhabitants of Persia. He also said that in addition to the ethnographic collection collected by Amatuni at the expense of the Ethnographic Department, he collected at his own expense about 250 more items that he offered to the Museum. In November, these items were examined by the members of the Council and purchased for the museum [AREM, l. 66, 69]. The collections included items of women's, men's and children's clothing, tools used in leather processing, travel accessories for smoking, table travel accessories, harness sets for horses, camels, mules, donkeys, etc. The collections were well annotated by N. I. Amatuni himself. The Iranian terminology was clarified during registration by the well-known orientalist A. N. Samoilovich.

list of literature

Archive of the Russian Ethnographic Museum (AREM). F. 1. Op. 1. Ed. hr. 31.

Departmental archive of the State Russian Museum (VAGRM). F. GRM(1). Op. 1. Ed. hr. 307. Bulletin of the Red Cross. 1915. N 5.

Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI). F. 395. Op. 1. Ed. hr. 395.

Rossiiskoe zarubezhye v Frantsii, 1919-2000: Biograficheskii slovar ' v 3 t. [Russian Foreign Countries in France, 1919 - 2000: Biographical dictionary in 3 volumes].

Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA).

Simbirskyy N. Krasny Krest na voine [Red Cross in the War]. Pg., 1917.

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