MILLIONS OF DOLLARS. Checks that don't fit in a pocket. Records that are rewritten every year. Prize money in tennis is fantastic numbers. But who gets them? Do all players bathe in gold? And why is tennis one of the most expensive sports for both stars and mid-level players? Let's take a calculator and figure out where the money comes from and where it goes. FROM WHERE DO THE MONEY ON PRIZES COME The main source is tournaments. Grand Slam tournaments (Australian Open, Roland Garros, Wimbledon, US Open) earn money from tickets, broadcasts, sponsors, and the sale of souvenirs. Their income is counted in hundreds of millions of dollars. And they share it with players. For example, in 2024, the total prize fund of the US Open exceeded 75 million dollars, and Wimbledon - 50 million pounds. Next come the tournaments of the Masters 1000 series (for men) and the WTA 1000 series (for women). Their funds are from 7 to 12 million dollars. Tournaments of the 500 and 250 series are smaller: from 1 to 3 million. And finally, challengers and futures - the lowest league of professionals - there the funds can be from 25 to 150 thousand dollars for the entire tournament. In addition, the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) pay bonuses for qualifying for the Year-End Tournament, as well as have their own funds to support players in lower tiers. All these money circulate in the system, but are distributed extremely unevenly. TOP PLAYERS: MILLIONAIRES ON RACQUETS Novak Djokovic, Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer, Serena Williams - their prize money for their careers has exceeded 150 million dollars each. Only prize money, not counting advertising and personal contracts. Djokovic has earned nearly 185 million dollars in prize money by 2025. Month by month, he received checks for 3-4 million for winning a Grand Slam tournament. Plus bonuses from ATP for first place in the ranking. For example, the distribution at the Grand Slam: the winner receives about 3 million dollars. The runner-up - 1.5 million. Semi-finalists - 800 thousand each. Quarterfinalists - 400-500 thousand. That is, for two weeks of work, you can earn as much as an average doctor won't earn in his entire life. But this is only for the top 8. In addition, top players receive starting bonuses from tournaments for participation. Hidden contracts that are not included in the official prize money. For example, Novak Djokovic might have earned a million dollars just for stepping onto the court in Dubai. Such bonuses are paid by organizers to attract stars and sell tickets. MID-LEVEL PLAYERS: LIVING ON THE BRINK Now let's come down to earth. A player in the top 100 of the men's or women's ranking. He is already a professional, but not a star. He earns from 200 to 800 thousand dollars in prize money a year. Seems like a lot? But subtract taxes (up to 40-50% depending on the country of residence). Subtract the cost of a coach (from 50 to 150 thousand a year), a physiotherapist, a masseur, a manager, travel, hotels, food. Subtract what tournaments where he is eliminated in the first round bring in peanuts. In the end, the net profit may be zero or even negative. Take a player at the 80th place. He wins 500 thousand dollars a year. Taxes - 200 thousand. Coach - 120 thousand. Physio - 50 thousand. Flights and hotels - 80 thousand. That leaves 50 thousand. This is less than the salary of an office manager in New York. And at the same time, the risk of injury - at any moment the income will drop to zero. Therefore, many tennis players from the second hundred combine playing with a part-time job (commentaries, episodic advertising, selling clothing through social networks) or live on their parents'/sponsors' money. The most dangerous gap is between 150 and 300 places. There the prize money is minimal, and the expenses are almost the same as for mid-level players. Many talented young players give up tennis at this stage because they can't afford to continue. CONSPIRACY ON THE OTHER SIDE: PRIZE MONEY FOR MEN AND WOMEN The question of equality of prize money in men's and women's tennis has long been explosive. Now at Grand Slam tournaments, the prize money for men and women is the same. This was achieved through a long struggle. For example, at Wimbledon, equality was achieved in 2007. At the Australian Open - in 2001. But the picture is different at other tournaments. At ATP and WTA tournaments of the same category (for example, 1000), the prize money for men is often higher. Because men's tennis brings in more money from broadcasts and advertising. This is not justice, but the market. Activists demand equality, but organizers are stubborn. On the other hand, the composition of women's tennis is deeper, and stars (Sobolenko, Gauff, Rybakina) attract the audience no worse than men. And there are examples when women received more on individual tournaments (for example, the WTA Finals with large bonuses). In general, the movement towards equality is there, but the final parity is still far off. COSTS OF A PROFESSIONAL: WHERE DO THE MONEY GO The list of expenses of a professional tennis player is frightening. Coach: a top specialist takes from 3 to 10 thousand dollars a week plus a percentage of prize money. Physiotherapist: 1-3 thousand dollars a week. Masseur: 1-2 thousand. Manager: usually 10-15 percent of prize money and advertising contracts. Equipment agent: commission from deals with Nike, Adidas, Wilson, etc. Flights: business class (to sleep well and not to kill your back) - from 2 to 10 thousand dollars for a ticket across the ocean. Hotels: 150-500 dollars a night depending on the city. Food: special, often with a personal chef at tournaments. Rent of courts for training outside tournaments: 50-200 dollars an hour. Insurance: from injuries and loss of income - thousands of dollars a month. In conclusion: to maintain a team of 2-3 people and travel around the world, you need at least 15-20 thousand dollars a month. This is covered only by stable exits in 3-4 rounds at ATP/WTA tournaments. Therefore, many players save: fly economy class, share a hotel with others, train in cheap clubs. This affects the results. BONUSES AND CONTRACTS: WHERE THE REAL MONEY IS Prize money is just the tip of the iceberg. The main money for stars is advertising contracts. Roger Federer has earned more than 1 billion dollars in his career, of which only 130 million are prize money. The rest is Nike, Rolex, Lindt, Uniqlo, and others. Serena Williams - more than 350 million, of which prize money is about 95. Even the first player in the ranking can have a contract with a local company for 50-100 thousand dollars a year, which greatly eases life. In addition, there are bonuses from sponsors for achievements: for example, for winning a Grand Slam tournament, the manufacturer of rackets pays an additional bonus. For first place in the ranking - another bonus. For reaching the final of the Year-End Tournament - also. These amounts can be comparable to prize money. An important difference: prize money is taxed in the country of the tournament (sometimes very high, for example, in France up to 45%). But advertising contracts can be optimized through offshore if the business structure is built correctly. This is what managers and lawyers do. Star players register as sole proprietors or companies and pay less. TAXES: THE STATE IS ALWAYS FIRST Tennis players pay taxes in the country where the tournament is held. This is called "source tax". For example, if you win 500 thousand dollars in New York, you will have to pay about 40% of taxes in the US. In France - up to 45%. In the UK - 45% plus national insurance. In Australia - about 35%. In Monte Carlo (where many live) - there are no taxes, but this does not exempt from paying in the countries of the tournament. Players who live in Monaco (Djokovic, Wawrinka, many others) save on taxes from advertising contracts and income from investments, but prize money is still taxed. Therefore, a professional tennis player must have an excellent accountant who files declarations in a dozen countries a year. And if there is a mistake - fines and problems with the tax authority. Some countries (such as Belarus) have agreements on the avoidance of double taxation, but this is not a panacea. In the end, from 30 to 50 percent of prize money goes to the state. For mid-level players, this is painful, for stars - unpleasant. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TOURS: ATP VS WTA VS ITF ITF (International Tennis Federation) manages futures and challengers. There the prize money is minimal. The winner of a future for 25 thousand dollars gets about 4 thousand dollars in hand. A half-year tournament path of such tournaments can only cover travel expenses. ITF is also responsible for Grand Slam tournaments, but there the money is already big. ATP and WTA are the main tours. Here the prize money is already serious. But there is a big difference within the tour. ATP 250 tournaments: the fund is about 600 thousand euros, the winner receives about 100 thousand. ATP 500: the fund is 2-2.5 million, the winner about 400 thousand. ATP Masters 1000: the fund is 7-9 million, the winner about 1.2 million. The WTA has a similar gradation, but the sums are slightly lower (by 5-20 percent). A special category is the Year-End Tournaments (ATP Finals and WTA Finals). There the funds are huge: in 2024, the winner of the ATP Finals received more than 4.8 million dollars for five wins. And the one who did not lose a match - even more. This is already comparable to the income from the Grand Slam, given that the tournament lasts a week. CRISIS AT THE LOW END: THE PROBLEM OF FUTURES AND CHALLENGERS Hundreds of young talented players get stuck on futures and challengers. They earn 1-2 thousand dollars a week, but spend 3-4. The difference is covered by parents, sponsors, or loans. This leads to the fact that many give up tennis without fully revealing their potential. Tennis loses potential stars. ATP and WTA are trying to fight the crisis. A fund to help players in lower categories (up to 250 thousand dollars a year per person) has been created. Guaranteed minimum payments for players eliminated in qualifying have been introduced. Prize money on challengers has been increased. But the problem remains acute. There is a huge gap between the top 50 and the rest in tennis. For example, in 2024, more than half of the players in the top 200 had a negative balance of income from prize money after deducting expenses, not counting contracts. That is, most tennis players live on sponsor money and family support. This cannot continue forever. The system needs reform, otherwise talents will go to other sports or football. THE FUTURE OF PRIZE MONEY: TRENDS AND FORECASTS What will happen in 10 years? The growth of prize money will continue. Grand Slam tournaments will exceed the 100-million mark. Winners will receive 4-5 million dollars. Programs to support lower tiers will expand. Perhaps a minimum wage for players in the top 200 will be introduced. The question of equalizing prize money at all tournaments, not just at the slams, remains controversial. Public pressure is growing. Sponsorship is beneficial to promote equality. Therefore, by 2030, it can be expected that prize money at ATP and WTA tournaments of the same category will be unified. Players will also earn more on cryptocurrencies, NFT, and streaming platforms, selling broadcasts of their training or merchandise directly to fans, bypassing traditional intermediaries. This may radically change the structure of income. But one thing will remain unchanged: to earn in tennis, you need to be either a genius, or a crazy workaholic, or very rich from birth. Or better - all together. Because tennis is not just a beautiful shot, but also a harsh economy.
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